About VXLAN From Wikipedia: Virtual eXtensible LAN (VXLAN) is a network virtualization technology that uses a VLAN-like encapsulation technique to encapsulate OSI layer 2 Ethernet frames within layer 4 UDP datagrams, using 4789 as the default IANA-assigned destination UDP port number, although many implementations that predate the IANA assignment use port 8472. VXLAN attempts to […]
When installing a Debian Linux virtual machine on a Proxmox Virtual Environment (PVE) host, the Debian installer automatically installs the VirtIO paravirtualization drivers and the QEMU guest agent so that no extra configurations are needed for full cooperation with the virtualization host. In Windows Server 2025 those drivers and utilities are not included. It means […]
Proxmox Virtual Environment (PVE) has a built-in clustering feature that allows you to access all PVE nodes within the cluster by connecting to any of the nodes, by using a web browser or by connecting to the REST API. I’m using the out-of-the-box Zabbix template (Proxmox VE by HTTP) to monitor my three-node PVE cluster. […]
These notes have been tested with Proxmox Virtual Environment (PVE) 8.2.4, Debian 12 and cloud-init 22.4.2 (from Debian 12 packaging). First create a virtual machine and install Debian Linux on it normally, with all the additional tools and updates as required. I usually use the netinstall CD image from Debian. After completing the installation, for […]
The switches in Ethernet networks learn all connected hosts’ link-layer addresses (layer 2 or MAC (Media Access Control) addresses) dynamically when the hosts communicate in the network and the switches see the traffic. Based on that information the switches are then able to forward frames optimally without flooding. When you disconnect a physical host from […]
Since the Broadcom’s announcement about changing the licensing for VMware vSphere products and discarding the free Hypervisor license, there has been a massive uptake for other virtualization platforms. Also in my own systems, where I reinstalled the ESXi hosts as Proxmox Virtual Environment (PVE) nodes, and imported the existing virtual machines in the new platform. […]
Since Debian 10 Buster there is no minor version number in lsb_release output or /etc/os-release anymore. Bug has been filed, but apparently there is no will to get the full version number back. The dist() and linux_distribution() functions in the platform module in Python have been deprecated in 3.5 and removed in 3.8.0: Also, the […]
When installing NetBox on Debian 9 and Apache, the instructions in http://netbox.readthedocs.io/en/latest/ are fine, just some small additional operations are needed. The libapache2-mod-wsgi-py3 package needs to be installed as well, otherwise you will get errors about the “WSGIPassAuthorization on” command when starting Apache [this has later been addressed in commit b917e8d] Disable the “000-default” site […]
Adding TLS configurations in Apache: cat > /etc/ssl/private/myserver.key chmod 0640 /etc/ssl/private/myserver.key chgrp ssl-cert /etc/ssl/private/myserver.key cat > /etc/ssl/certs/myserver.crt cd /etc/apache2/sites-available cp default-ssl.conf myserver-ssl.conf vi myserver-ssl.conf – add ServerName if needed – RedirectMatch ^/$ https://myserver.mydomain.com/appname (if needed) – edit SSLCertificateFile and SSLCertificateKeyFile a2ensite myserver-ssl a2enmod ssl vi 000-default.conf – add ServerName if needed – Redirect / https://myserver.mydomain.com/ […]
To get AWS CLI working in Cygwin: Install “python2-pip” with the Cygwin installer (and accept whatever dependencies it brings) Run “pip2 install awscli“ See what you have: “aws –version“, and continue with the usual “aws configure” procedure. Using AWS CLI is not very fast in this setup however. For example, showing specific Virtual Private Gateway […]